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Whiding Single - Phased
(Y - Connected)

Whiding Single - Phased
( - Connected)

Whiding Shorted
Phase - To Phase

Whiding Shorted
Turn- To Turn

Whiding Shorted Coil


Whiding Grounded
at Edge of Slot

 
 
Whiding Grounded
in the Slot

Shorted Connection


Phase Damage Due to Unbalanced Voltage

 
 
Whiding Damaged
Due to Overload


Damage Caused
by Looked Rotor


Whiding Damaged
by Voltage Surge

  BALANCE QUALITY GRADES FOR VARIOUS GROUPS OF ROTORS
  Note: The rotor classes in italics are not included in the ISO standards, but have been added by the Author.
 
   Grade
   G
   mm/sec
ROTOR TYPE
0,4

  Gyroscopes
  Spindles, discs and arnature of precisión grinders
  Sprinning spindles

1.0

  Small electrical armatures
  Tape-recordes and phonograph (gramophone) drivers cinema projertors
  High precisión grinding machine drives
  Rotors of turbines and compresor of high-speed jet enniges
  Rotor of steam turbines with high level balancin requirements

2.5
  Rotors of steam and gas turbines, of turbo-generators, of turboblowers and of   turbine pumps
  Machant ship main turbines
  Superchargers,supercompressor for aircraft
  Médium and large electrical armatures with high level balancing requiremcnts
  Small electrical armatures not included in the conditions specitied for Grade 6.3
  Machine - tool drives
  Fans for air-conditioning in hospitals and conceri halls
  High speed reduction gears (over 1000 rpm) for marine turbines
  Disc and drums of computer memories
6.3
  Small mass produced electrical armatures in applications where they are not   sensistive to vibrations or with antivibrating mounting
  Medium and large electrical armatures (with shaft height at least 80 mm) without   any special requirements
  Machine tools and components of machine tools and of machines in general
  Fast movimg Weaving and spining looms. plaiting machines, centrifugue druns.   (creems separators, cleansing plants,washing machines)
  Hydraulic machine rotors
  FIy-wheels, fans, centrifugal pumps
  Reduction geras for merchant navy marine propulsión turbines
  Cylinders and rolleres fór printing machines
  Gas turbine rotors for the aeronautical industry
  Separated components of engines under special requirements
16
  Drive and cardan shafts with high level balancing requiranents
  Parts for agricultural, grinding and threshing machines
  Motors parts for vehicles, comercial vehicles and locomotives (petrol or diesel   drive)
  Crankshafts complete with fly-wheels and clutches with 6 or more cylinders with   high   level balancing requirements
  drums for slow centrifugues
  Propellors for light boats (motor boats, hydrofoils)
  Wheel-rims for car and motorbikes
  Normal drive pulleys
  Large cycliders for paperworks
  Single-piece tools for wood - working machines
40
  Wheels and wheel-rims for cars
  Drive shafts and complete axles for vehicles
  Crankshafts complete with fly-wheels and clutches for 4-stroke engines with 6 or   more cylínders mounted elastically, with piston speed greater than 9 m/sec
  Cranks complete with fly-wheels and clutches for car, lorry and locomotive engines
  Drive shafts for pulleys
  Multi-piece tools wood -working machines
100
  Complete crankshafts for diesel motor of six or mor cylíndres with a pistón speed   great than 9 m/sec
  Complete engines for vehicles and locomotives
  Crankshafts for 1, 2 or 3 cylinders engines
250
  Complete crankshafts for rigidly-mounted, 4 cylinder diesel engines: with piton-   speed   greater than 9 m/sec
630
  Complete crankshafts for large rigidly- mounted , 4- stroke engines
  Complete crankshafts for elastically mounted marine diesel engines 
1600
  Complete crankshafts for large rigidly- mounted, 2-stroke engines
4000
  Complete crankshafts for rigidly- mounted marine diesel engines,with any number of .
   with a piston speed lower than 9 m/sec
  Vibration Severity Range Limits (RMS Velocity)
 

ISO 2372 - Vibration Severety

 

Vibration Severity Range
Limist (Velocity)
From ISO 2 3 7 2

Vibration Severity Ranges for Machines Beloging to:

  In/Sec
(PK)
MM/sec (RMS) Classl I
<20 HP
Class II
20-100 HP
Class III
>100 HP
Class IV
>100HP
  0.015 0.28
A      
  0.025 0.45   A    
  0.039 0.71     A A
  0.062 1.12 B     (Good)
  0.099 1.80   B    
  0.154 2.80 C   B B
  0.248 4.50   C   (Allowable)
  0.392 7.10     C  
  0.617 11.2       C
  0.993 18.0       (Tolerable)
  1.540 28.0 D      
  2.480 45.0   D   D
  3.940 71.0     D (Not Pennissable)
 

A : Good
B : Allowable
C : Tolerable
D : Not Pennissable

Suggested Classiflcatfons:

 

Class I: Small (up to 15kW) machines and subassemblies of larger machines.
Clan II: Médium size (15kW to 75kW) machines wlthout special foundations, or machines up to 300kW rigidly mounted on spedal foundations.
Class III: Large rotating machines rigidly mounted on foundations which are stiff in the directkxi of Vibration measiirement.
Class IV: Large rotating machines mounted on foundations which are flexible in the direction of Vibration measurement.

 
 
           
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